Choline hydroxide

Drug ingredient

CAS 123-41-1

This drug ingredient has classified U.S. production volumes. EPA withholds the number as confidential business information.

US productionCBI

Confidential Business Information. The EPA withholds this volume because publishing it could reveal the reporting company's trade secrets.

Import value, 2024$22M

Top sourceItaly 48%

At least one company claimed its 2023 production or import volume for this chemical as confidential, so EPA withholds it.

Why supply is unknown

Production is reported production, not a complete census of factories. US production volume is confidential. Production reporting year: 2023. Import value and source-country shares describe a shared customs category, not a separate chemical measurement.

Where It Comes From

Customs basis: HS 292310 · basket

EPA reports by year

2023: US production Confidential · Imports Confidential
2019: US production Confidential · Imports Confidential

These shares come from HS customs code 292310, which covers 11 tracked chemicals in total. They estimate the category's origin mix, not this chemical specifically.

Source Countries

Country of origin for US imports, from Census customs data (2024).

IT 48%ItalyCN 30%ChinaIN 8%IndiaBE 6%BelgiumDE 4%Germany

Switzerland
Japan
Taiwan
Georgia
Canada
Uzbekistan

EPA-registered manufacturers (2)

Companies that report making or importing this chemical to the EPA. Registration is US-centric and does not indicate import origin.

Huntsman

Macdermid

Domestic parents -- activity not disclosed (1)

EPA records name a US company for this chemical but do not disclose whether the company made it here or imported it.

Eastman Chemical

EPA-registered importers (2)

Companies that report making or importing this chemical to the EPA. Registration is US-centric and does not indicate import origin.

Umicore Sa · BE Belgium

Umicore Usa

6 FDA-registered drug labelers

BioActive Nutritional

Deseret Biologicals, Inc.

Energique, Inc.

Guna spa

InLight Creation, LLC.

Nutritional Specialties, Inc.

Why It Matters

Sectors

HealthAgricultureElectronicsMetals & MiningCore Chemicals

Downstream Uses

Appears in 11 drug and cosmetic product listings (FDA).

•GUNA-Liver
•Dairy Allergen Mix
•Hepapar
•A L O Formula
•Cellular Liquescence
•NADH Plus
•Neuro T Support Liquescence
•B Complex Liquescence

Show all 11

•Allermilk
•Hepastat
•E.O.L.

FDA Shortage Status

Whether any manufacturer currently reports this drug as in shortage on the FDA Drug Shortages database. "Active Shortage" means at least one presentation has status "current."

No FDA shortage records

Industrial Uses

Used in 5 sectors as 4 functional roles.

•Solids separation (precipitating) agent, not otherwise specified in Other (100%)Processing as a reactant
•Intermediate in All Other Basic Organic Chemical ManufacturingProcessing as a reactant
•Intermediate in Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical ManufacturingProcessing as a reactant
•Plating agent in Computer and Electronic Product ManufacturingProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
•Plating agent in All Other Chemical Product and Preparation ManufacturingProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
•pH regulating agent in Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product

Vendor Pricing

$0.03/gAaron Chemicals LLC

CountryHong Kong

Pack$13.00 / 500 g

Purity42%

Vendors14 available

Prices reflect listed pack sizes. Small research packs run far above bulk rates.

13 more vendors

Vendor	Country	$/g	Pack	Purity
Angene Chemical	China → Hong Kong	$0.03	500 g	42%
Fluorochem EU	Germany	$0.11	100 g	44%
Fluorochem UK	United Kingdom	$0.11	100 g	44%
Sigma-Aldrich (Rush Stock)	Germany	$0.44	1 kg	—
Sigma-Aldrich	Germany	$0.44	1 kg	—
Fulfilled by Molport	Latvia	$0.50	10 g	42%
Combi-Blocks, Inc.	United States	$0.64	500 g	95%
A2B Chem LLC	United States	$0.69	500 g	95%
AA BLOCKS	United States	$0.73	500 g	95%
MedChemExpress MCE	Sweden	$1.25	100 g	95%
Molnova	China	$26.00	1 g	99%
TargetMol Chemicals	China → United States	$29.00	1 g	99.97%
Angene	China → Hong Kong	$4266.67	30 mg	42%

Chemical Identity

CAS123-41-1

PubChem CID31255

DTXSIDDTXSID9047467

FormulaC5H15NO2

Mol. Weight121.18 g/mol

SMILESC[N+](C)(C)CCO.[OH-]

Data Sources

EPA CompTox (DSSTox) · DTXSID9047467Retrieved 2026-04-06
PubChem · compound 31255Retrieved 2026-04-06
EPA Chemical Data ReportingReporting year: 2023 · Retrieved 2026-10-04
FDA National Drug Code directoryRetrieved 2026-04-07
US Census international tradeReporting year: 2024 · Retrieved 2026-10-04

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Brief citations

Choline hydroxide (CAS 123-41-1) https://chemicalindependence.com/chemical/123-41-1/ EPA CompTox (DSSTox): DTXSID9047467. Retrieved 2026-04-06. https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9047467 PubChem: 31255. Retrieved 2026-04-06. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/31255 EPA Chemical Data Reporting: 123-41-1. Reporting year: 2023. https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting FDA National Drug Code directory: CAS 123-41-1. Retrieved 2026-04-07. https://open.fda.gov/data/ndc/ US Census international trade: HS 292310 for CAS 123-41-1. Reporting year: 2024. https://usatrade.census.gov/