Fumaric acid

Drug ingredient

CAS 110-17-8

This drug ingredient has classified U.S. production volumes. EPA withholds the number as confidential business information.

US productionCBI

Confidential Business Information. The EPA withholds this volume because publishing it could reveal the reporting company's trade secrets.

Import value, 2024$139M

Top sourceChina 67%

At least one company claimed its 2023 production or import volume for this chemical as confidential, so EPA withholds it.

Why supply is unknown

Production is reported production, not a complete census of factories. US production volume is confidential. Production reporting year: 2023. Import value and source-country shares describe a shared customs category, not a separate chemical measurement.

Where It Comes From

Customs basis: HS 291719 · basket

EPA reports by year

2023: US production Confidential · Imports Confidential
2019: US production Confidential · Imports Confidential

These shares come from HS customs code 291719, which covers 176 tracked chemicals in total. They estimate the category's origin mix, not this chemical specifically.

Source Countries

Country of origin for US imports, from Census customs data (2024).

CN 67%ChinaCA 13%CanadaAT 4%AustriaIN 4%IndiaJP 4%Japan

Taiwan
Netherlands
Switzerland
Mexico
South Africa
Denmark
Malaysia
Ukraine
Colombia
Hong Kong
Slovakia

EPA-registered manufacturers (1)

Companies that report making or importing this chemical to the EPA. Registration is US-centric and does not indicate import origin.

Primary Products Ingredients Americas

Domestic parents -- activity not disclosed (7)

EPA records name a US company for this chemical but do not disclose whether the company made it here or imported it.

Harcros Chemicals

Harima Usa

Ideal Chemical & Supply

Kic Chemicals

Polynt Composites Usa

Show all 7

Polyventive

Schlumberger

EPA-registered importers (11)

Companies that report making or importing this chemical to the EPA. Registration is US-centric and does not indicate import origin.

Ineos · GB United Kingdom

Italmatch Chemicals Spa · IT Italy

Kao · JP Japan

Brenntag

Catalynt Solutions

Show all 11

Ineos Enterprises Us Hold

Italmatch Usa

Kao America

Mobile Rosin Oil

Soyventis North America

Starchem Usa

14 FDA-registered drug labelers

Bestmade Natural Products

BioActive Nutritional, Inc.

BioActive Nutritionals, Inc.

Deseret Biologicals

Deseret Biologicals, Inc

Energetix Corp

Energetix Corporation

Energique, Inc.

Guna spa

King Bio Inc.

Nutritional Specialties, Inc.

PLYMOUTH HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS LLC

Pro Weight Loss Inc.

Professional Complementary Health Formulas

Why It Matters

Sectors

HealthFoodEnergyConstructionPlastics & RubberTextilesCore Chemicals

Downstream Uses

Appears in 40 drug and cosmetic product listings (FDA).

•Glucoreg
•Tox-Chord
•Aller-Chord F
•GUNA-Lympho
•GUNA-Liver
•GUNA Lympho Detox
•Circulation
•Bio Co-Enzyme Phase

Show all 40

•Energize
•Thyroid Nosode Combination 9420
•Bestmade Natural Products BM159
•Diathesis V 1
•Lungex II
•Thyro-Chord
•Diathesis IV
•Causticum Combination 9253
•Bestmade Natural Products BM61
•GUNA Liver PLUS
•Liverex I
•Psorizide Forte
•Arsenicum Combination 9251
•GUNA-Dizzy
•GUNA-Hypertension
•GUNA-CELL
•GUNA Osteo
•Metab
•Spleenex V
•Thyro Support
•Omeosport
•Diathesis II
•Oligo Bio Iodine
•Kidnex IV
•Selenium Combination 9245
•Diathesis I
•Diathesis V 2
•Diathesis III
•Spleenex VH
•Agri-Chord
•Metabolism
•911 Adrenal Burnout and Fatigue

FDA Shortage Status

Whether any manufacturer currently reports this drug as in shortage on the FDA Drug Shortages database. "Active Shortage" means at least one presentation has status "current."

No FDA shortage records

Industrial Uses

Used in 6 sectors as 8 functional roles.

•Monomers in Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing (100%)Processing as a reactant
•Intermediate in All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing (100%)Processing as a reactant
•Binder in Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activitiesProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
•Fixing agent (mordant) in Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities (0%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
•Fixing agent (mordant) in All Other Basic Organic Chemical ManufacturingProcessing as a reactant
•Flavoring and nutrient in Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
•Filler in All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
•Emulsifier in Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities (100%)Processing as a reactant
•Dispersing agent in ConstructionProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product

Chemical Identity

CAS110-17-8

PubChem CID444972

DTXSIDDTXSID3021518

FormulaC4H4O4

Mol. Weight116.07 g/mol

SMILESC(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O

Data Sources

EPA CompTox (DSSTox) · DTXSID3021518Retrieved 2026-04-06
PubChem · compound 444972Retrieved 2026-04-06
EPA Chemical Data ReportingReporting year: 2023 · Retrieved 2026-10-04
FDA National Drug Code directoryRetrieved 2026-04-07
US Census international tradeReporting year: 2024 · Retrieved 2026-10-04

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Brief citations

Fumaric acid (CAS 110-17-8) https://chemicalindependence.com/chemical/110-17-8/ EPA CompTox (DSSTox): DTXSID3021518. Retrieved 2026-04-06. https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3021518 PubChem: 444972. Retrieved 2026-04-06. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/444972 EPA Chemical Data Reporting: 110-17-8. Reporting year: 2023. https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting FDA National Drug Code directory: CAS 110-17-8. Retrieved 2026-04-07. https://open.fda.gov/data/ndc/ US Census international trade: HS 291719 for CAS 110-17-8. Reporting year: 2024. https://usatrade.census.gov/