Maleic acid

CAS 110-16-7

U.S. production volumes are classified as confidential business information.

US productionCBI

Confidential Business Information. The EPA withholds this volume because publishing it could reveal the reporting company's trade secrets.

Import value, 2024$139M

Top sourceChina 67%

At least one company claimed its 2023 production or import volume for this chemical as confidential, so EPA withholds it.

Why supply is unknown

Production is reported production, not a complete census of factories. US production volume is confidential. Production reporting year: 2023. Import value and source-country shares describe a shared customs category, not a separate chemical measurement.

Where It Comes From

Customs basis: HS 291719 · basket

EPA reports by year

2023: US production Confidential · Imports Confidential
2019: US production Confidential · Imports Confidential

These shares come from HS customs code 291719, which covers 176 tracked chemicals in total. They estimate the category's origin mix, not this chemical specifically.

Source Countries

Country of origin for US imports, from Census customs data (2024).

CN 67%ChinaCA 13%CanadaAT 4%AustriaIN 4%IndiaJP 4%Japan

Taiwan
Netherlands
Switzerland
Mexico
South Africa
Denmark
Malaysia
Ukraine
Colombia
Hong Kong
Slovakia

EPA-registered manufacturers (3)

Companies that report making or importing this chemical to the EPA. Registration is US-centric and does not indicate import origin.

Aurorium

Buckman Laboratories

Cymer

Domestic parents -- activity not disclosed (1)

EPA records name a US company for this chemical but do not disclose whether the company made it here or imported it.

Independent Chemical

EPA-registered importers (3)

Companies that report making or importing this chemical to the EPA. Registration is US-centric and does not indicate import origin.

Aceto Us

Brenntag

Sk Battery America

Why It Matters

Sectors

HealthConstructionMetals & MiningConsumer ProductsPaper & PrintingCore Chemicals

Downstream UsesNot recorded

FDA Shortage Status

Whether any manufacturer currently reports this drug as in shortage on the FDA Drug Shortages database. "Active Shortage" means at least one presentation has status "current."

No FDA shortage records

Industrial Uses

Used in 6 sectors as 5 functional roles.

•Intermediate in Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
•Insulators in All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
•Corrosion inhibitor in Adhesive Manufacturing (100%)Processing as a reactant
•Binder in Miscellaneous Manufacturing (2%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
•Intermediate in Paper Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
•Emulsifier in Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing (90%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product

Chemical Identity

CAS110-16-7

PubChem CID444266

DTXSIDDTXSID8021517

FormulaC4H4O4

Mol. Weight116.07 g/mol

SMILESC(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O

Data Sources

EPA CompTox (DSSTox) · DTXSID8021517Retrieved 2026-04-06
PubChem · compound 444266Retrieved 2026-04-06
EPA Chemical Data ReportingReporting year: 2023 · Retrieved 2026-10-04
EPA Chemical Data ReportingReporting year: 2023 · Retrieved 2026-10-04
US Census international tradeReporting year: 2024 · Retrieved 2026-10-04

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Brief citations

Maleic acid (CAS 110-16-7) https://chemicalindependence.com/chemical/110-16-7/ EPA CompTox (DSSTox): DTXSID8021517. Retrieved 2026-04-06. https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8021517 PubChem: 444266. Retrieved 2026-04-06. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/444266 EPA Chemical Data Reporting: 110-16-7. Reporting year: 2023. https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting EPA Chemical Data Reporting: CAS 110-16-7. Reporting year: 2023. https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting US Census international trade: HS 291719 for CAS 110-16-7. Reporting year: 2024. https://usatrade.census.gov/