Toluene
Drug ingredientCAS 108-88-3
This drug ingredient has classified U.S. production volumes. EPA withholds the number as confidential business information.
US productionCBI
Confidential Business Information. The EPA withholds this volume because publishing it could reveal the reporting company's trade secrets.
Import value, 2024$448M
Top sourceSouth Korea 54%
At least one company claimed its 2023 production or import volume for this chemical as confidential, so EPA withholds it.
Why supply is unknownProduction is reported production, not a complete census of factories. US production volume is confidential. Production reporting year: 2023.
Where It Comes From
Customs basis: HS 290230 · exact
EPA reports by year
- 2023
- US production Confidential · Imports Confidential
- 2019
- US production Confidential · Imports Confidential
Source Countries
Country of origin for US imports, from Census customs data (2024).
KR 54%South KoreaTW 23%TaiwanBR 4%BrazilDE 4%GermanyAR 2%Argentina
- Italy
- Spain
- China
- United Kingdom
EPA-registered manufacturers (39)
Companies that report making or importing this chemical to the EPA. Registration is US-centric and does not indicate import origin.
Arlanxeo Holding Bv · NL Netherlands
Basf Se · DE Germany
Cenovus Energy · CA Canada
Pdvsa Petroleos S A · VE Venezuela
Shell Plc · GB United Kingdom
Show all 39
Shin-Etsu Chemical · JP Japan
Totalenergies Se · FR France
Advansix
Allnex Usa
Americas Styrenics
Arlanxeo Usa
Basf
Brainerd Chemical
Chalmette Refining
Chevron Phiillips Chemical
Chevron Phillips Chemical
Cos-Mar
Deer Park Refining
Delek Us Holdings
Dupont Specialty Products Usa
Dynachem
Gulf Coast Growth Ventures
Ineos Styrolution America
Lima Refining
Lone Star Specialty Products
Lyondell Chemical
Marathon Petroleum
Pbf Holding
Pdv Holding
Phillips 66
Richard-Allan Scientific
Shell Chemical Appalachia
Shell Petroleum
Shintech Louisiana
Solvchem
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber
Totalenergies Holdings Usa
Trafigura Trading
Westlake
Domestic parents -- activity not disclosed (21)
EPA records name a US company for this chemical but do not disclose whether the company made it here or imported it.
Albemarle
Castleton Commodities International
Chevron
Colonial Group
Crh Americas
Show all 21
Deltech Monomers Bidco Holdings
Eastman Chemical
Elkem Silicones Usa
ExxonMobil
Icc Industries
Innospec
Itw Evercoat
Koch Industries
Macquarie Holdings (U.S.A.)
Tartan Oil
Tauber Oil
Total Specialties Usa
Toyo Ink International
Valero Energy
Vertex Energy- Mobile Refinery
Wacker Chemical Corporation - Headquarters
EPA-registered importers (52)
Companies that report making or importing this chemical to the EPA. Registration is US-centric and does not indicate import origin.
Basf Se · DE Germany
Bayer Ag · DE Germany
Dksh Canada · CA Canada
Glencore Plc · CH Switzerland
Kansai Paint · JP Japan
Show all 52
Kcc · KR South Korea
Shell Plc · GB United Kingdom
Sika Ag · CH Switzerland
Syensqo Sa · BE Belgium
Tosoh · JP Japan
Total Se · FR France
3M
Avery Dennison
Axxess International
Bayer Us Holding
Brenntag
Brenntag Lubricants
Chematek
Covestro
Dow Chemical
Exxonmobil Product Solutions, A Div Of Exxon Mobil
Fbc Chemical
Fortaleza Usa
Geocycle
George E. Warren
Glencore
Gunvor Usa
Harris Paints
Ies Downstream
Lanco Manufacturing
Lanxess
Mie
Mom Holding
Nippon Paint Automotive Americas
Par Pacific Holdings
Peerless Oil & Chemicals
Red Spot Paint & Varnish
Revelli Chemicals
Shin Etsu Silicones Of America
Shinhung Global U.S.A
Sika
Solvay
Stahl Usa
Suno
Systech Environmental
Tauber Petrochemical
The Sherwin Williams
Tosoh America
Total Holdings Usa
Tricon International
Us Paint
World Fuel Services
3 FDA-registered drug labelers
Deseret Biologicals, Inc.
Energique, Inc.
Professional Complementary Health Formulas
Why It Matters
Sectors
Plastics & RubberPaints & CoatingsElectronicsTransportationPaper & PrintingCore ChemicalsHealthEnergyConsumer ProductsMetals & MiningTextilesAgricultureConstruction
Downstream Uses
Appears in 3 drug and cosmetic product listings (FDA).
- •Household Antigens
- •Pollutox
- •Solvent/Small Ring Combination 9317
FDA Shortage Status
Whether any manufacturer currently reports this drug as in shortage on the FDA Drug Shortages database. "Active Shortage" means at least one presentation has status "current."
No FDA shortage records
Industrial Uses
Used in 28 sectors as 22 functional roles.
- •Fuel agents in Petroleum Refineries (100%)Processing as a reactant
- •Reducing agent in All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing (100%)Processing as a reactant
- •Intermediate in Petrochemical Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in Adhesive Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into article
- •Fuel in Petroleum Refineries (70%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Monomers in Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in Paint and Coating Manufacturing (13%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in Petrochemical Manufacturing (80%)Use—non-incorporative activities
- •Solvent in All Other Chemical Product and Preparation ManufacturingProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in ConstructionProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical ManufacturingProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Fuel in All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Intermediate in All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing (100%)Processing as a reactant
- •Solvent in Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Binder in Wood Product Manufacturing (0%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Intermediate in Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing (100%)Processing as a reactant
- •Fuel in Wholesale and Retail Trade (0%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing (1%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into article
- •Intermediate in Wholesale and Retail Trade (1%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Fuel in All other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (2%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Waterproofing agent in All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing (40%)Processing as a reactant
- •Dispersing agent in Paint and Coating Manufacturing (6%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in Wood Product ManufacturingProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in Miscellaneous ManufacturingUse—non-incorporative activities
- •Solvent in Transportation Equipment ManufacturingUse—non-incorporative activities
- •Solvent in Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component ManufacturingUse—non-incorporative activities
- •Solvent in Furniture and Related Product ManufacturingUse—non-incorporative activities
- •Fuel in Services (100%)Use—non-incorporative activities
- •CBI in CBICBI
- •Fuel agents in Wholesale and Retail Trade (22%)Processing—repackaging
- •Sealant (barrier) in ConstructionProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Diluent in Miscellaneous ManufacturingProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Fuel agents in All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing (99%)Use—non-incorporative activities
- •Lubricating agent in Wholesale and Retail TradeNot Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
- •Pigment in Paint and Coating Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Fuel in Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)Processing—repackaging
- •Fuel in Petrochemical Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Fuel agents in Other (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Solvent in Wholesale and Retail Trade (14%)Processing—repackaging
- •Solvent in Other (0%)Processing—incorporation into article
- •Chemical reaction regulator in Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing (10%)Processing as a reactant
- •Processing aids, specific to petroleum production in Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities (30%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Plasticizer in Plastics Material and Resin ManufacturingProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Adhesion/cohesion promoter in Adhesive ManufacturingProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Anti-scaling agent in Paint and Coating ManufacturingProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Catalyst in Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Processing aids, specific to petroleum production in Petroleum RefineriesProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Laboratory chemicals in Other (90%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Fuels and fuel additives in Petroleum Refineries (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Intermediate in Petroleum Refineries (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Catalyst in Primary Metal Manufacturing (100%)Processing as a reactant
- •Laboratory chemicals in Fabricated Metal Product ManufacturingUse—non-incorporative activities
- •Monomers in Printing Ink ManufacturingProcessing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Adhesion/cohesion promoter in Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing (40%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Lubricating agent in Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing (40%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Fuel agents in All other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (100%)Processing—incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
- •Fuel agents in Petrochemical Manufacturing (50%)Processing as a reactant
Chemical Identity
CAS108-88-3
PubChem CID1140
DTXSIDDTXSID7021360
FormulaC7H8
Mol. Weight92.14 g/mol
SMILESCC1=CC=CC=C1
Data Sources
- EPA CompTox (DSSTox) · DTXSID7021360Retrieved 2026-04-06
- PubChem · compound 1140Retrieved 2026-04-06
- EPA Chemical Data ReportingReporting year: 2023 · Retrieved 2026-10-04
- FDA National Drug Code directoryRetrieved 2026-04-07
- US Census international tradeReporting year: 2024 · Retrieved 2026-10-04
Brief citations
Toluene (CAS 108-88-3) https://chemicalindependence.com/chemical/108-88-3/ EPA CompTox (DSSTox): DTXSID7021360. Retrieved 2026-04-06. https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID7021360 PubChem: 1140. Retrieved 2026-04-06. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1140 EPA Chemical Data Reporting: 108-88-3. Reporting year: 2023. https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting FDA National Drug Code directory: CAS 108-88-3. Retrieved 2026-04-07. https://open.fda.gov/data/ndc/ US Census international trade: HS 290230 for CAS 108-88-3. Reporting year: 2024. https://usatrade.census.gov/